global life sciences · Module 04

Who Actually Does What?

Manufacturer, MAH, CMO, CDMO, 3PL, wholesaler, and pharmacy sound related but perform different jobs.

Roles in context

  • MAH: Holds legal authorization to market a medicine in a jurisdiction.
  • CMO/CDMO: Manufactures, or develops and manufactures, for a sponsor.
  • 3PL: Stores and fulfills product, often without taking title.
  • Wholesaler: Typically buys and resells product.
  • Specialty distributor: Moves high-value or complex products, often to providers.
  • Retail or specialty pharmacy: Dispenses patient-specific prescriptions.
  • Health system or clinic: Purchases product for administration or dispensing within care delivery.